内 容 提 要

本文采用抽样调查、内容分析和个别访问的方法，从课程设置的角度，探讨以美国为主流的新闻与传播教育汇流人文学科与社会科学的过程，并由此探讨世界新闻传播教育的走向。

美国新闻与传播教育从最初重视人文学科基础和专业技能训练的传统模式，历经历史变迁，逐渐融入社会科学研究，重视跨学科发展，内容由窄渐宽，培养目标由专才而变为通才。现今新闻教育内容已经包括新闻、广告、公关等所有的传播领域。这也是目前美国传播市场对人才的需要。

威斯康星大学新闻与大众传播学院是综合性新闻和大众传播教育中的典范之一。几十年来该学院一直按照分专业的教学模式发展，其基础课程设置和5个专业的课程设置全面丰富，强调社会科学的量化研究方法的培养，很有特色。这种模式对目前中国的新闻与传播教育颇具参考价值。

最近两年该学院致力于课程改革，取消原有的专业，代之以新闻学和战略传播两个方向，在战略传播方面又发展出新的特色。改革的目的是打破专业界限，着眼于传播通才的培养，以适应复杂环境中的不同媒介。这个新的课程模式已然成为美国主流新闻与传播教育的发展趋向。

宾夕法尼亚大学安那堡传播学院是重视传播研究的典范，重视跨学科建设，重视各层次学生在人文学科、社会科学研究方法上的训练和基础素养的培养，强调传播学核心课程，比较系统地开设有传播学各层次多领域的丰富课程。

新闻专业性研究院的传统是哥伦比亚大学奠定的，一开始就非常重视人文学科底蕴和专业技能的训练，把写作、新闻法规与伦理定为核心课程。加州大学柏克莱新闻研究院在专业教育中还讲求特色教育，课程重视本土特色和跨学科特点，视野比较开阔，与时事和社会变迁紧密联系。新闻研究院的传统目前正面临跨学科的挑战。

新闻教育是从人文传统逐渐与社会科学汇流的，并以社会科学作为主要基础，由此开创了跨学科多元化发展的潮流。

主题词： 新闻与传播教育 课程设置 跨学科 人文学科 社会科学

Abstract

By approach of sample research, content analysis and interview, this paper discusses the process of the converging of the mainstream of the education of journalism and communication into the humanities and social science in USA, and based on that discussion, it will probe into the international trend of the education of journalism and communication.

From the very beginning, the American education of journalism and communication stuck to the traditional model of the recognition of the foundation of humanities and training the professional skills. After going through many historical changes, it gradually blended into the study of social science, attaching more importance to the development of correlation of different subjects while the study range widening. The aim of the education changed from cultivating an expert to a generalist. Currently, the journalism education has been broadened in range to include the press, advertising, public relations and other fields in communication.

The School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison is one of the examples of the integrated education of journalism and communication. For successive several decades of years, that School has been developing itself by sticking to the model of teaching according to the specialities, there are basic courses and 5 sequences. The curriculum setting is comprehensive. Emphasis is on the cultivation of research methodology based on statistics in social science. It has its own features. This model can be served at a valuable reference to the current education of journalism and communication in China.

In the last couple of years, that School bent to the reform of its curriculum, replacing the formerly sequences with the two tracks of journalism and of the strategic communication. And new characteristics have emerged in the education of the strategic communication. The purpose of the reform was to break down the confines of the professions, with a view to cultivating the generalists so as to adapt themselves to different mass media in complex context. The new curriculum model has become the trend in the development of the education of the mainstream journalism and communication in USA.

Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania is a mirror in stressing the study of communication, it pays much attention to interdiscipline, to the training of the students at different levels of the study in humanities and methodology in social science, to the cultivation of the basic accomplishments. It also pays attention to the core courses of communication. The courses are systematic and colorful, they are in different levels and covering different fields.

The professional tradition of the journalism study institutes began from Columbia University at the very start, it attached great importance to the cultivation of humanities attainments and professional skills, and writing, press regulations and ethic were chosen as the core courses. Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley also tried to have its own characteristics in professional education, the curriculum projects reflected the local features and interdiscipline, field of vision was relatively wider. The subjects are closely linked with the current affairs and social changes. The correlation of subjects is now putting a challenge to the tradition of that Journalism Institute.

The education of journalism has gradually blended from the tradition of humanities to social science, and made social science as its main base. From that point, the trend of correlated and plural development of education of journalism has begun.