供者自然杀伤细胞减轻GVHD并提高移植成活率的实验研究(1) |
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作者:黄纯兰,刘霆,陆晓茜, 孟文彤
【摘要】 本研究观察激活的供、受者NK细胞能否减轻骨髓移植后GVHD和增加移植成活率。以C57BL/6小鼠作为供者,将接受6.5 Gy 60CO γ射线全身照射的BALB/c受鼠随机分为4组,对照1组(无任何处理)、对照2组(骨髓移植)、实验1组(骨髓移植同时输注激活的受者NK细胞)和实验2组(骨髓移植同时输注激活的供者NK细胞),观察每组小鼠的活存期、嵌合率、GVHD临床和病理改变。结果表明:对照1组全部活存,实验1组比对照2组活存期短(P<0.05),实验2组比对照2组活存期延长(P<0.01)。实验1 组GVHD临床及病理评分高于对照2组(P<0.05),实验2组 GVHD临床及病理评分明显低于对照2组(P<0.01)。实验1组和实验2组嵌合率均较对照2组高(P<0.05),实验2组的嵌合率比实验1组明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:激活的供者NK细胞能延长实验小鼠的活存期,降低GVHD严重程度,增加移植成活率;而激活的受者NK细胞却缩短实验小鼠的活存期,加重GVHD严重程度。受者NK细胞也增加移植成活率,但比供者NK细胞作用小。
【关键词】 骨髓移植;NK细胞;GVHD;移植成活率
Experimental Study of Donor Natural Killer Cells Reducing Graft-versus-host Disease and Enhancing Engraftment
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether pretransplant infusion of reactive natural killer cells(NK cells)from donor or recipient can reduce graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)and enhance engraftment in bone marrow transplantation(BMT). Recipient BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups after received 6.5 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI): control group 1 was treated with nothing, control group 2 received BMT alone, experiment group 1 received BMT and autoreactive NK cells, experiment group 2 received BMT and alloreactive NK cells. Life span, clinical and pathologic changes of GVHD and chimerism rate of each group were evaluated. The results showed that all mice were survival in control group 1. The life span was shorter in experiment group 1 than that in control group 2 (P<0.05)and longer in experiment group 2 than that in control group 2(P<0.01). GVHD was higher in score of experiment group 1 than in control group 2 (P<0.05)but lower in experiment group 2 than that in control group 2(P<0.01). The donor chimerism rate in both two experiment groups were higher than that in control group 2 (P<0.05), however, the donor chimerism rate was higher in experiment group 2 than that in experiment group 1(P<0.01). It is concluded that pretransplant infusion of alloreactive donor NK cells can prolong life span, reduce the degree of GVHD and enhance engraftment. But autoreactive recipient NK cells can shorten life span, aggravate the degree of GVHD and also enhance engraftment, which is weaker than that using alloreactive donor NK cells.
Key wordsbone marrow transplantation; natural killer cell; GVHD; engraftment
骨髓移植是目前根治恶性血液肿瘤的主要方法,但其主要致死性并发症——移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease, GVHD)却制约着其应用。回顾性研究发现,在骨髓移植中受者体内天然杀伤细胞(natural killer cells, NK)增加的同时GVHD发生率降低,移植成活率增加,复发率减少[1]。我们利用动物模型分别研究了供、受者来源的NK细胞能否减轻GVHD和增加移植成活率,探索NK细胞在骨髓移植中的应用及机制。
材料和方法
实验动物
C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠作为供者,BALB/c(H-2d)小鼠作为受者,均为雄性,鼠龄8周,体重18-20 g,均为清洁级动物(四川大学华西校区实验动物中心提供和饲养)。
实验分组
将接受6.5 Gy 60CO γ射线全身照射的BALB/c受鼠随机分为4组:对照1组(不予以任何处理)、对照2组(予以骨髓移植)、实验1组(骨髓移植同时输注激活的受者NK细胞),实验2组(骨髓移植同时输注激活的供者NK细胞)。每组用10只小鼠观察生存期和GVHD,用20只小鼠检测嵌合率。
NK细胞分离、纯化、检测及体外活化
分别取供、受鼠脾脏和骨髓细胞,用抗CD49b(DX5)MicroBeads(Miltenyi Biotec公司产品)分离NK细胞,用rhIL-2体外培养及激活,标记CD49b抗体(BioLegend公司产品),用流式细胞仪(Coulter公司产品)检测NK细胞含量。LAC-1细胞作为靶细胞,MTT法检测培养后的NK细胞杀伤活性。
小鼠骨髓移植模型
参照Ruggeri等[2]的方法,各组受鼠在移植前饮用含庆大霉素灭菌水(32×104 U/L),移植前1天行亚致死剂量60CO γ射线全身照射(TBI 6.5 Gy)。照射后4小时在无菌条件下,用头皮针沿受鼠鼠尾静脉输注含量大于90%、活细胞数大于95%、杀伤活性大于90%的NK细胞(5×105/只)。照射后1天,无菌条件下摘眼处死供鼠,取股骨,用无菌培养液冲洗骨髓腔,收集细胞冲洗液,溶解红细胞后,作为移植的骨髓细胞。取供鼠脾脏,研磨后用200目筛网制成单个细胞悬液,溶解红细胞后,作为输注的供鼠淋巴细胞。在无菌条件下,用头皮针沿受鼠鼠尾静脉输注供鼠骨髓细胞(1×107/只)和供鼠淋巴细胞(1×107/只)。术后于二级动物房层流床饲养。
存活期和GVHD临床表现的观察
活存超过30天为长期活存[3]。移植后,每周称重1次,观察小鼠有无体重下降、腹泻和脱毛,有无弓背、耸毛、活动度差等精神表现。GVHD临床评分(0-10分)由体重下降、活动度、姿势、耸毛、皮肤溃疡5项相加组成。体重下降<10%为0分,下降10%-25%为1分,下降>25%为2分。无活动度下降、姿势异常、耸毛为0分,轻度活动度下降、耸毛、姿势异常判为1分,重度活动度下降、耸毛、姿势呈弓背样改变为2分。皮肤完整无脱毛为0分,小片浅溃疡、轻度溃疡为1分,大片溃疡、脱毛为2分[4]。
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